Cutting path-dependent machinability of SiCp/Al composite under multi-step ultra-precision diamond cutting

Particle-tool interactions, which govern the synergetic deformation of SiC particle reinforced Al matrix composites under mechanical machining, strongly depend on the geometry of particle position residing on cutting path. In the present work, we investigate the influence of cutting path on the machinability of a SiCp/Al composite in multi-step ultra-precision diamond cutting by combining finite element simulations with experimental observations and characterization. Be consistent with experimentally characterized microstructures, the simulated SiCp/Al composite is considered to be composed of randomly distributed polygonally-shaped SiC particles with a volume fraction of 25vol%. A multi-step cutting strategy with depths of cut ranging from 2 to 10 μm is adopted to achieve an ultimate depth of cut of 10 μm. Intrinsic material parameters and extrinsic cutting conditions utilized in finite element simulations of SiCp/Al cutting are consistent with those used in corresponding experiments. Simulation results reveal different particle-tool interactions and failure modes of SiC particles, as well as their correlations with machining force evolution, residual stress distribution and machined surface topography. A detailed comparison between numerical simulation results and experimental data of multi-step diamond cutting of SiCp/Al composite reveals a substantial impact of the number of cutting steps on particle-tool interactions and machined surface quality. These findings provide guidelines for achieving high surface finish of SiCp/Al composites by ultra-precision diamond cutting.     

比例与非比例加载下30CrMnSiA钢多轴高周疲劳失效分析

为了分析比例与非比例加载下,30CrMnSiA钢的多轴高周疲劳的失效规律。通过对30CrMnSiA钢材料开展比例与非比例(δ=90°)加载下的多轴高周疲劳试验,研究了应力幅比和相位差对疲劳寿命、断口特征及裂纹起裂角度的影响。试验结果表明,对于比例与非比例加载,随着应力幅比的增大,多轴疲劳寿命逐渐增加。对疲劳断口分析发现,裂纹萌生于试件表面,断口有明显的疲劳源区、扩展区和瞬断区,不同加载路径下的试件断口形式有明显差异。通过对起裂角度的分析发现,应力幅比大于0.25时表面裂纹有明显的第Ⅰ阶段向第Ⅱ阶段的转变,且第Ⅰ阶段沿着接近最大剪应力幅值平面方向扩展,第Ⅱ阶段沿着接近最大正应力平面方向扩展。此外,对典型试件的疲劳断口及表面扩展路径进行了分析,研究表明多轴疲劳试验试件裂纹的特征比值在0.3~0.5之间,且裂纹沿深度方向扩展至300 μm时占总寿命的85%以上。      

结合跳点引导的无人机随机搜索避撞决策方法

针对无人机在城市空域环境和密集交通流下的避撞决策问题，提出马尔科夫决策过程（MDP）和蒙特卡洛树搜索（MCTS）算法对该问题进行建模求解。蒙特卡洛树搜索算法在求解过程中为保证实时性而使其搜索深度受限，容易陷入局部最优，导致在含有静态障碍的场景中无法实现避撞的同时保证全局航迹最优。因此结合跳点搜索算法在全局规划上的优势，建立离散路径点引导无人机并改进奖励函数来权衡飞行路线，在进行动态避撞的同时实现对静态障碍的全局避撞。经过多个实验场景仿真，其结果表明改进后的算法均能在不同场景中获得更好的性能表现。特别是在凹形限飞区空域仿真模型中，改进后的算法相对于原始的蒙特卡洛树搜索算法，其冲突概率降低了36%并且飞行时间缩短47.8%。     

三角网格面自动铺丝定角度路径规划算法

研究三角网格曲面上的路径规划问题,以局部测地线为补充,提出了改进的定角度初始路径规划算法。该算法避免了传统参数化求解过程的无解和多解情况,尤其适用于曲率变化较大的复杂曲面和拼接曲面。采用等距覆盖算法来获得均匀的满铺路径,并分别提出基于路径样条线末端延伸和芯模曲面整体延拓的两种边界处理思路,以解决偏移路径无法到达曲面边界的问题。以某机翼模型为算例对上述算法进行验证,利用计算机辅助三维交互应用(Computer aided three-dimensional interactive application,CATIA)的逆向工程模块实现了完整的算法可视化,建立了三维建模软件与路径规划算法的系统关系。验证表明本文提出的算法可靠、系统、适应性强,具有工程应用价值。     

过虚拟交班点的能量最优制导律

针对固定目标的导弹过虚拟交班点制导问题，在希尔伯特空间下，基于最优化理论设计了有无终端落角约束两种情况下的全局能量最优制导律。通过对模型进行线性化，将提出的最优制导模型转化为线性二次型最优控制问题，在此基础上利用零控脱靶量（ZEM）概念对系统模型进行降阶，并推导出解析解。设计的制导律可以使导弹准确经过虚拟交班点，并实现期望终端落角。仿真结果表明，与经典制导律对比，该制导律可以显著减少全局控制能量消耗。     

Assessment study of ionosphere correction model using single- and multi-shell algorithms approach over sub-Saharan African region

It is a known fact that ionosphere is the largest and the least predictable among the sources of error limiting the reliability and accuracy of Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) and its regional augmentation systems like Satellite Based Augmentation System (SBAS) in a safety-of-life application. The situation becomes worse in the Equatorial Ionization Anomaly (EIA) region, where the daytime ionization distribution is modified by the fountain effect that develops a crest of electron density at around ±15° to ±20° of the magnetic equator and a trough at the magnetic equator during the local noon hours. Related to this phenomenon is the appearance of ionosphere irregularities and plasma bubbles after local sunset. These may degrade further the quality of service obtained from the GNSS/SBAS system of the said periods. Considering the present operational augmentation systems, the accuracy and integrity of the ionosphere corrections estimate decreases as the level of disturbances increases. In order to provide a correct ionosphere correction to the user of GNSS operating in African EIA region and meet the integrity requirements, a certified ionosphere correction model that accurately characterizes EIA gradient with the full capacity to over-bound the residual error will be needed. An irregularities detector and a decorrelation adaptor are essential in an algorithm usable for African sub-Saharan SBAS operation. The algorithm should be able to cater to the equatorial plasma vertical drifts, diurnal and seasonal variability of the ionosphere electron density and also should take into account the large spatial and temporal gradients in the region. This study presents the assessment of the ionosphere threat model with single and multi-layer algorithm, using modified planar fit and Kriging approaches.     

基于压缩量偏差约束的整体叶盘砂布轮数控抛光路径规划

数控抛光是实现整体叶盘叶片表面光整加工自动化、高效化的关键技术,而抛光路径规划对表面质量有着显著的影响。在抛光曲面时,砂布轮沿接触曲线上的径向压缩量偏差导致材料去除量一致性较差。针对该问题,提出一种基于压缩量偏差约束的路径规划方法。通过对砂布轮受曲面挤压变形几何分析,建立了自由曲面抛光接触线上砂布轮压缩变形量分布模型。在给定刀触点处,以接触曲线上最大压缩量偏差最小化为评价指标构建了刀轴矢量优化模型,并利用改进的粒子群优化（PSO）算法进行求解。基于最优刀轴矢量,完成自由曲面上等参数相邻刀触轨迹曲线的计算。最后,通过数据对比和试验,验证了所提方法的正确性和有效性。结果表明,抛光区域的轮廓度、粗糙度均得到明显的改善。     

复合材料飞机的电流回路接地技术研究

随着复合材料在飞机中所占比重的增大,诸多电磁兼容设计的问题也日趋凸显。本文分析了飞机复合材料结构对电流回路接地的影响,介绍了复合材料结构内接地网的应用及研究现状,提出了接地网设计及优化时的设计目标与方法。     

基于低可探测性的参考航迹规划

根据分层规划思想,确定参考航迹是进行航迹规划时首先要解决的问题。在充分考虑雷达探测的各种环境因素及飞行器RCS方位分布特性的基础上,将雷达对目标发现概率作为参考航迹的一个重要评价指标,基于自适应进化算法,采用新的遗传算子,最终生成综合考虑雷达威胁和飞行距离的参考航迹。结果表明,该航迹规划模型能根据对低可探测性和航程的不...     

进气条件对压气机中介机匣流场影响的试验研究

以某压气机中介机匣为试验研究对象,通过改变来流径向分布与马赫数,建立了评估中介机匣气动性能的进口约束条件。在同步测量轴向流路离散压力参数的基础上,分析了中介机匣内部流场对进气条件的稳态响应。研究结果表明:进气条件对中介机匣流动损失影响较大,与均匀进气相比,进气畸变会增大弯曲流道内部径向压力梯度,影响流道曲率与流向压力梯度对附面层的控制效果;支板尾流对通道主流的干扰导致下游平直流道上部区域流场恶化,而进气畸变会加剧支板尾迹的影响;随着进口马赫数的增大,中介机匣总压损失系数与总压畸变强度呈现出不同的增长趋势,其出口流场径向分布对马赫数变化的气动敏感性较高。